What is attention deficit disorder?
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Because ADHD symptomatology is often present in children with poor coordination, reading and learning problems, and other neurodevelopmental disturbances, in the past labels such as "minimal brain damage" and "minimal brain dysfunction" were assigned, although no neurologic pathology or injury was detectable. The terms "hyperactivity" and "hyperkinesis" were subsequently introduced; however, these labels emphasize the motor aspects of the disorder. The current diagnostic label—attention deficit disorder—circumvents these problems by focusing on the core etiological determinant for the multifaceted expression of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional disturbances. For this diagnosis to be assigned, the disorder must first be expressed before age 7, have at least a 6-month duration, and not be the consequence of a pervasive developmental disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 1987).
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