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What causes the fumes and yellow color of aqua regia?

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Its fumes and yellow color are caused by reaction of nitric acid, HNO 3 , with hydrogen chloride, HCl, to form nitrosyl chloride, NOCl, chlorine, Cl 2 , and water; both chlorine and nitrosyl chloride are yellow-colored and volatile. The nitrosyl chloride further decomposes to nitric oxide, NO, and chlorine.

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