Philosophy and Religion

Who condemned the Three Chapters?

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Later, Justinian, although strongly Catholic, was tolerant toward the Monophysites, who were becoming more intransigent. The quarrel was further embittered when Justinian in 544 condemned the so-called Three Chapters. These were the person and writings of Theodore of Mopsuestia , the writings of Theodoret against St. Cyril of Alexandria, and the letter of Ibas of Edessa to Maris the Persian. The condemnation was based on the assertion that these writings were tainted with Nestorianism. Since parts of the Three Chapters were considered orthodox by the majority of Catholics, the edict was confusing. The Second Council of Constantinople (553; see Constantinople, Second Council of ), summoned by Justinian and attended by Pope Vigilius , again condemned the Three Chapters, while maintaining the authority of the canons of Chalcedon.

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