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Although hostilities came to an end in Sept., 1945, a new world crisis caused by the postwar conflict between the USSR and the United StatesÑthe two chief powers to emerge from the warÑmade settlement difficult. By Mar., 1950, peace treaties had been signed with Italy, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, and Finland; in 1951, the Allies (except the USSR) signed a treaty with Japan, and, in 1955, Austria was restored to sovereignty. Germany, however, remained dividedÑfirst between the Western powers and the USSR, then (until 1990) into two German nations (see Germany ).
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