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Grossularite occurs commonly in a red, green, yellow, or brown shade, depending on the impurities; if pure it would be colorless. The yellow and brown stones, coming chiefly from Sri Lanka, are used as gems under the names essonite (or hessonite) and cinnamon stone; sometimes they are miscalled hyacinth. Grossularite is found also in the Transvaal, in Mexico, and in Oregon. The most popular variety of garnet is the ruby-red pyrope from Bohemia, S Africa, and Arizona, sold as Cape ruby and Arizona ruby. Rhodolite, a mixture of pyrope and almandite from North Carolina, is rose-red or purple. Spessartite, a brown to brownish-red garnet from Bavaria, Sri Lanka, and parts of the United States, is seldom used for jewelry. Deep red, transparent almandite is the carbuncle; it was formerly a very popular gem. Almandites come chiefly from Brazil, India, and Sri Lanka; Australia and parts of the United States are also important sources. Andradite, a very common variety, is usually some shade of red, black, brown, yellow, or green. Gem varieties include topazolite, similar in color and transparency to topaz ; demantoid, a green variety with a high dispersion and adamantine luster, sometimes miscalled olivine and Uralian emerald; and black melanite. Demantoid is found in the Urals, and the other andradites come chiefly from Europe and the United States. Uvarovite, an emerald-green variety from Russia and Finland, is rarely suitable for gem use.
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