Earth and the Environment

How is a foehn made?

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A foehn originates as follows: Air is first forced upward over the windward mountain slopes, cooling as it encounters the lower pressures of higher altitudes. If, however, it reaches its condensation temperature, the cooling is somewhat reduced owing to the release of latent heat that results from water vapor condensing into liquid water. As the air flows downward over the leeward slopes, it is warmed as it encounters the greater pressures of lower altitudes. This warming, however, is greater than the cooling that occurred during the ascent if heat was added to the air as a result of condensation, so that the air is both warmer and drier than originally. The foehn occurs when the circulation is strong enough to force air over the mountains in a relatively short period of time.

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