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What groups of people have ruled Constantine throughout history?

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Founded by Carthaginians (who called it Sarim Batim), Constantine became the capital and commercial center of Numidia and was named Cirta [the city]. Under Roman rule it was a major grain-shipping point and one of the wealthiest cities of Africa. Destroyed (AD 311) during the war preceding the accession of Constantine I, it was rebuilt by Constantine himself and renamed in his honor. The city was pillaged by the Vandals in the 5th cent. and later became an object of contention among various Muslim dynasties. The Turks captured it in the 16th cent. and made it a provincial capital. By the time of the French conquest in 1837 the district governor of Constantine had become virtually independent of the Ottoman Empire.

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Similar questions: Which nationalities have claimed Constantine as theirs? How many empires have controlled Constantine? Which empires have claimed control over Constantine? The city of Constantine has been controlled by which empires throughout history? Who controlled Constantine throughout its history? [ Hide these questions ]

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