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Smoke from the battles of Lexington and Concord (Apr. 19, 1775) had scarcely cleared when the Second Continental Congress met on the appointed day in Philadelphia. Armed conflict strengthened the radical element, but only gradually did the delegates swing toward independence. A Continental army was created to oppose the British and, through the agency of John Adams , George Washington was appointed (June 15, 1775) commander in chief. The reconciliation plan offered (1775) by Lord North's government was tabled. A diplomatic representative, Silas Deane , was sent (Mar., 1776) to France. American ports were opened in defiance of the Navigation Acts . Finally, the momentous step was taken: Congress on July 4, 1776, adopted the Declaration of Independence .
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