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Badajoz was a fortress city in Roman times that rose to prominence under the Moors as the seat (1022-94) of a vast independent emirate. Alfonso IX of León liberated it in 1228. Thereafter Badajoz was repeatedly attacked by the Portuguese and was consequently strongly fortified. The city has often been besieged; in the Peninsular War the French failed to take it in a long siege (1808-9) and succeeded in 1811 only to be driven out by Wellington in 1812 after bitter fighting. In the civil war of 1936-39 the capture (1936) of Badajoz by the Insurgents after a bloody battle was followed by hundreds of executions.
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