What was Mahmud II forced to cede to in 1833?

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The sequel of the Greek war was the invasion of Turkey by Ibrahim Pasha after Mahmud had refused to give Syria to Muhammad Ali as reward for his aid against the Greeks. At Konya, the Turkish army was completely routed (1832), and Constantinople was saved only by the intervention of a Russian fleet. Mahmud was obliged to accede (1833) to Muhammad Ali's demands and, by a secret agreement with Russia, promised to close the Dardanelles to all warships hostile to Russia.

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Similar questions: What were the consequences of the Turkish Army's rout in 1832? Mahmud II acceded to whose demands in 1833? What happened after Mahmud II's Turkish army was routed in 1832? [ Hide these questions ]

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