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Founded c.527 by Justinian, Ioánnina became an important city in the 11th cent. It was taken (1081) by the Normans, and in 1204, Michael I, despot of Epirus, made it his capital. It was conquered by the Ottoman Turks in 1430. Ali Pasha made it (1788) the stronghold of his virtually independent state. Ioánnina passed to Greece in 1913 as a result of the First Balkan War.
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