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There are three main classes of carbohydrates. Monosaccharides are the simple sugars, e.g., fructose and glucose ; they have the general formula (CH 2 O) n, in which n is an integer larger than 2. Disaccharides include lactose, maltose, and sucrose. Upon hydrolysis, a disaccharide molecule yields two monosaccharide molecules. Most disaccharides have the general formula C n (H 2 O) n-1, with n larger than 5. Polysaccharides include such substances as cellulose, dextrin, glycogen, and starch ; they are polymeric compounds made up of the simple sugars and can be hydrolyzed to yield simple sugars. The disaccharides are sometimes grouped with the simpler polysaccharides (usually those made up of three or four simple sugar units) to form a class of carbohydrates called the oligosaccharides.
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