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Who were the Guelphs and Ghibellines?

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Guelphs and Ghibellines, opposing political factions in Germany and in Italy during the later Middle Ages. The names were used to designate the papal (Guelph) party and the imperial (Ghibelline) party during the long struggle between popes and emperors, and they were also used in connection with the rivalry of two princely houses of Germany, the Welfs or Guelphs, who were dukes of Saxony and Bavaria, and the Hohenstaufen (the name Ghibelline is supposedly derived from Waiblingen, a Hohenstaufen castle).

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Similar questions: Which two dynasties were represented by these names? Which group supported the pope, and which the emperor? Where did the name Ghibelline come from? [ Hide these questions ]

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