Why did Gregory IX excommunicate Frederick II in 1239?

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Five or six years later the struggle broke out again, this time over Italian liberties. Gregory again excommunicated (1239) Frederick and ordered his dethronement.

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Similar questions: What led to Frederick's 1239 excommunication? Gregory IX excommunicated Frederick in 1239 over what disagreement? Over what dispute did Frederick get excommunicated by Pope Gregory IX? [ Hide these questions ]

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